Development of Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis of Water
Drilling wood for fire in ancient times, coal used in farming, oil and natural gas used on a large scale in the industrial era of electrolysis of water for hydrogen production, these changes in energy carriers reflect the trend of carbon reduction and hydrogenation, and the reduction of the carbon-hydrogen ratio, which will further Speed up the process of carbon reduction. Hydrogen is gaining more and more attention as a zero-carbon energy carrier.
The main ways of hydrogen utilization are fuel cell mobile power, distributed power station, chemical hydrogenation, newly developed hydrogen fuel steam turbine, hydrogen metallurgy, etc. The utilization of hydrogen energy needs to start from hydrogen production. Since hydrogen rarely exists in the form of elemental substances in nature, it needs to be produced through industrial processes. The sources of hydrogen are divided into industrial by-product hydrogen, fossil fuel hydrogen production, and water electrolysis hydrogen production. The difference lies in the regeneration of raw materials, CO2 emissions, and hydrogen production costs. At present, more than 95% of the hydrogen production in the world comes from the reforming of fossil fuels, and the production process inevitably emits CO2; about 4% to 5% of the hydrogen comes from electrolyzed water, and there is no CO2 emission during the production process. The hydrogen production process is divided into gray hydrogen (coal to hydrogen), blue hydrogen (natural gas hydrogen) and green hydrogen (hydrogen from water electrolysis, renewable energy) according to the carbon emission intensity. The original intention of the development of the hydrogen energy industry is zero-carbon or low-carbon emissions. Therefore, gray hydrogen and blue hydrogen will gradually be replaced by green hydrogen based on renewable energy. Green hydrogen is the future development direction of the energy industry.
In recent years, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water from renewable energy has shown a rapid development trend internationally. Many countries have begun to set development goals for hydrogen energy in industries such as industry, construction, and electricity outside the transportation field. In terms of government planning, application demonstration, etc. All performed positively. This paper mainly analyzes and prospects the electrolysis water hydrogen production technology for preparing green hydrogen, studies the system solutions of green hydrogen production and long-distance transportation, and provides ideas for the development of energy replacement in my country.